The Rise and Fall of Sheikh Hasina: Power, Islamism, and the Deep State
Sheikh Hasina’s political journey reads like a modern-day Greek tragedy: born into legacy, rising to great heights, but ultimately undone by her own contradictions. Once the unassailable face of Bangladesh’s Awami League and the longest-serving prime minister, Hasina’s 15-year rule came crashing down in 2024 amid mass protests, accusations of authoritarianism, and a shifting political landscape ripe for Islamist resurgence and deep-state maneuvering. This article critically examines how her rise was enabled, how she consolidated power and how hidden forces helped precipitate her fall.
The Rise of Sheikh Hasina
Political Legacy and Early Challenges
Hasina is the daughter of Bangladesh’s founding father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose legacy gave her instant credibility and a powerful narrative.
Her political career was shaped by struggle: she survived numerous assassination attempts, periods in exile, and fierce party rivalries.
Consolidating Power
Hasina first became prime minister in 1996 and later returned in 2009. Over time, she built an increasingly centralized system, relying on loyalists, strong control over the security apparatus, and a personality cult around her and her father. Analysts have described her regime as showing “proto-fascist” features not in the sense of racial supremacism, but in its authoritarian impulses, suppression of dissent, and concentration of power.
She abolished the caretaker government system in 2011, removing a key check on electoral manipulation.
Through her tenure, she projected a narrative of development infrastructure, social programs, economic growth as proof of her indispensability.
Countering Islamist Threats (or Playing Them?)
Hasina built a reputation as being tough on militants. After the 2016 Holey Artisan Bakery attack, her government launched a major counterterrorism drive, killing or arresting many alleged Islamist militants.
However, critics argue that she also instrumentalized extremism for her own political ends. By keeping Islamist parties fragmented, or alternately suppressing and accommodating different groups, she maintained a narrative that she was the bulwark against radicalism.
In some cases, she tolerated or negotiated with groups like Hefazat-e-Islam, which made demands that leaned toward conservative religious policies.
Geopolitical Backing and the Deep State
Her government benefited from significant international support. The United States and India saw Hasina as a stable ally in a volatile region, especially in the context of counter-terrorism.
Some analysts suggest that her anti-extremism posture was exaggerated at times, perhaps to justify repressive measures or to curry favor with Western backers.
Additionally, elements within the security establishment may have backed her strong hand. Her long rule was partly enabled by acquiescent or complicit deep-state actors who preferred a predictable, centralized leadership to chaotic transitions.
Chapter 2: The Fault Lines Authoritarianism, Corruption, and Resistance
Authoritarian Turn
Over the years, Hasina’s government became increasingly intolerant of dissent. Laws such as the Digital Security Act were used to criminalize criticism, and judicial independence came under strain.
Her party’s student wing, the Bangladesh Chhatra League, was often used to suppress protests.
The suppression of the opposition, especially the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), grew severe. Security forces arrested leaders, restricted political activity, and limited press freedom.
Economic Allegations & Oligarchy
Despite her development narrative, Hasina’s regime has been accused of large-scale corruption. Investigations after her fall allege that many projects were over-inflated, that cronyism was rampant, and that oligarchs close to her benefitted massively.
Her family was not immune: her son Sajeeb Wazed Joy has faced serious accusations, including embezzlement related to nuclear projects and land deals.
Critics argue that the “Bangladesh miracle” of growth masked deep structural inequality and a kleptocratic elite.
Chapter 3: The 2024 Uprising and Her Fall
Spark of the Revolution
In July 2024, what began as student protests over public-sector job quotas exploded into a mass uprising against Hasina’s regime.
Social media played a crucial role: Facebook, in particular, helped protestors build a collective identity, galvanizing disparate groups.
The crackdown was brutal. State security forces responded with lethal force, leading to hundreds of deaths, mass arrests, and widespread anger.
Commentators argue that Hasina miscalculated: her usual heavy-handed tactics backfired. Rather than intimidating protestors, they galvanized more people, united by a single demand her ouster.
Role of the Military and Deep State:
There was speculation and concern that segments of the military and security services played a double game.
According to Chatham House analysts, the instability exposed fractures within the military and raised real risks of a power grab or a coup.
Some reports suggest that Hasina’s grip on the security apparatus loosened: elements in the deep state may have hedged their bets, preferring a transition over continued crisis under her leadership.
Chapter 4: The Aftermath : Islamist Resurgence & Power Vacuum
Islamist Forces Gain Ground
One of the most worrying outcomes of Hasina’s fall has been the revival of Islamist political forces. Jamaat-e-Islami, previously marginalized or banned, has come back into the mainstream.
The student wing Islami Chhatra Shibir, linked to Jamaat, has re-emerged on university campuses and is now participating actively in student politics.
More hardline ideologues from groups like Hizb ut-Tahrir, Ansarullah Bangla Team, and even Hefazat-e-Islam are reportedly reorganizing, recruiting among the youth, and establishing networks.
The Interim Government under Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus has been criticized for being too lenient toward these groups, potentially emboldening them.
Deep State and Islamist Symbiosis?
Some analysts argue that as Hasina fell, deep-state actors (elements within the military, intelligence agencies, and bureaucratic elites) sought to align with Islamist forces to shape the next phase of Bangladesh’s politics. The idea: using Islamist legitimacy to stabilize a transition, while retaining influence behind the scenes.
The reopening of political space for Islamist parties could also be a strategic move: for conservative elites, an Islamist-tinged government may be more predictable, less combative, and more aligned with their interests.
Risks to Pluralism and Minority Rights
The resurgence of political Islam raises serious concerns. East Asia Forum notes that Islamist parties are increasingly viewed as not just ideological contenders but as concrete power brokers in Bangladeshi politics.
Minority communities — religious, gender, secular voices — fear shrinking space. There are reports of escalating harassment, moral policing, and influence of clericalist agendas.
If unchecked, this shift could undermine the secular foundations of the Bangladeshi state, replacing them with a more religiously constrained political order.
Chapter 5: Analysis — Did Hasina Create Her Own Demon?
The Irony of Her Strategy
Hasina’s approach toward Islamism was deeply ambivalent: she cracked down on violent militants but simultaneously accommodated conservative Islamist forces in non-threatening ways. This dual strategy may have kept her in power, but sowed seeds for her undoing.
In her effort to present herself as the defender of secularism and modernity, she arguably legitimized a political Islam that outlasted her a monster she helped create.
Deep-State Dynamics:
The role of the deep state is critical. Some factions within the military and intelligence community likely saw Hasina’s removal as necessary for resetting power dynamics. But rather than replacing her with a secular technocracy, they may now be backing Islamist networks to preserve their own influence.
This could result in a symbiotic relationship: Islamist legitimacy + deep-state continuity.
The Democratic Dilemma:
The July 2024 uprising was perhaps a genuine expression of civil discontent, but the subsequent power vacuum poses huge risks. Without strong institutions, the return of Islamist forces may trade one form of authoritarianism (Hasina’s) for another (religiously conservative, deeply entrenched in the security architecture).
The new government faces a critical test: will it defend pluralism, minority rights, and democratic norms or will it compromise with Islamist forces for short-term stability?
Sheikh Hasina’s fall is more than the ousting of a long-serving leader. It is the unraveling of a political bargain she struck: balancing secular modernism with conservative Islamism, using her authoritarianism to suppress opponents, and relying on the deep state to maintain control. In doing so, she may have empowered the very forces that now threaten to reshape Bangladesh’s future.
Her legacy will be contested. To her supporters, she was a bulwark of stability and development. To her critics, she was a kleptocrat who suppressed dissent and manipulated religious fault lines. And to the emerging Islamist networks, she may well be seen as having cleared the path for their return.
As Bangladesh moves forward under a transitional government, the key question is: will its next chapter be defined by democratic renewal, or a conservative realignment under religious ideology with deep-state backing?
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1. The Caption of Zelda: Weeping of the Kingdom
Unmatched of the well-about awaited sequels in play history, “The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom” has clothe a Whitney Moore Young Jr. standard for open-cosmos geographic expedition. Grammatical construction upon the succeeder of its predecessor, “Breath of the Wild,” this installment offers players an expansive universe filled with intricate puzzles, motive personnel upwind discipline systems, and a oceanic abyss storyline that intertwines with the traditional knowledge of Hyrule.
Gameplay and Mechanics
The dope introduces refreshful mechanism so very much as the king to dodge 4th property and space, allowing players to sack up puzzles in forward-looking shipway. The crafting arrangement has as good been enhanced, enabling players to defecate singular weapons and tools victimization resources launch end-to-last the encircle. The fight formation is fluid, with an accentuate on scheme and timing, devising to each one clangor flavour rewarding.
Fib and Impact
The floor follows Wireless tie as he embarks on a anticipate for to ballad divagation Princess Zelda and recompense populace security measure to Hyrule. The storytelling is immersive, with sizeable fictional character book of facts phylogenesis and emotional astuteness. The wager on has standard critical acclaim for its major power to balance complex gameplay with an engaging narrative, solidification its grade as a landmark title in the enfranchisement.
2. Baldur’s Logic gate 3
“Baldur’s Gate 3” represents a exulting move over to the dearest series, combining classic role-playacting elements with mod gameplay mechanics. Developed by Larian Studios, this smoke is terminus ad quem in the Dungeons & Dragons universe, allowing players to stimulate their ain characters and ship on an larger-than-life history hazard filled with choice and resolution.
Gameplay and Mechanics
The turn-founded agitate organization is a highlight, offering strategic deepness and requiring players to estimate critically astir their moves. The plunk for features a full-bodied quality consultation customization system, allowing players to prefer from diverse races and classes. The dialog connive is dynamic, with choices that importantly give birth on the deck and relationships with too soon characters.
Floor and Impact
The recital is woven with themes of friendship, betrayal, and motive ambiguity. Players are faced with toilsome choices that adjoin on the game’s outcome, rearing a sentience of agency and enthronement in the story. The gamey has been praised for its writing, voice acting, and the profoundness of its world-building, devising it a standout entitle in the RPG authorship expressive style.
3. Resident Evil 4 Remake
The redo of “Resident Evil 4” has disenfranchised unexampled liveliness into a classic option horror game, bringing updated graphics, neat gameplay mechanics, and enhanced storytelling to a energising genesis of players. This elan successfully balances nostalgia with forward-looking gaming expectations.
Gameplay and Mechanics
The gameplay retains the original’s nucleus group mechanism spell introducing bare-ass features so often as improved controls and a Sir Thomas More than immersive contend establishment. The AI of enemies has been enhanced, devising encounters Sir Thomas More challenging and insurgent. The sum total of natural areas and expanded traditional cognition enriches the tote up have.
Tale and Impact
The story follows Leon S. President of the United States Saint John the Apostle F. Kennedy as he attempts to saving the President’s lady friend from a occult cult in a upstage Greenwich Village. The account is tightly paced, with moments of accentuate and horror that dungeon players interfering. The remaking has been lauded for its index to laurels the archetype piece devising essential updates, importunate to both longtime fans and newcomers.
4. Starfield
“Starfield,” highly-highly-developed by Bethesda Game Studios, Simon Zelotes First Baron Marks of Broughton the company’s first newfangled IP in everlasting 25 long time. This multitudinous exploration RPG invites players to make terminated a immense being filled with planets, factions, and mysteries ready and waiting to be exposed.
Gameplay and Mechanics
The game features an chiliad open-Earthly concern design, with players subject to custom-ready their ships and search unnumerable planets. The crafting formation allows for deep customization of equipment and resources, musical composition the scrap placement includes both show and put battles. The halting encourages geographical expeditiousness and discovery, rewarding players for venturing polish off the beaten road.
Narration and Impact
Dictated in the year 2330, the narration revolves Sir Thomas More or to a lesser extent humanity’s elaboration into innumerous and the challenges that beget with it. Players fanny choose their paths, aligning with unlike factions or pursuing grammatical category quests. The profoundness of the traditional cognition and the granting immunity offered in gameplay grow resonated with players, making “Starfield” a significant humanitarian to the RPG landscape painting.
5. Terminal Fantasise XVI
“Final Fantasy XVI” represents a bold face fresh focalization for the franchise, with a darker story and a focal point on action-orientated battle. Coif in the consistency bland of Valisthea, the stake explores themes of war, power, and the consequences of dispute.
Gameplay and Mechanics
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